Despite a reputation for overall academic excellence, the quality of Japan’s English education programs is a common target of criticism.

Despite English being a compulsory subject in both middle and high schools in Japan, and often part of the elementary curriculum as well, Japanese students tend to show far less English-as-a-second-language proficiency than their counterparts in many other countries.

What’s more, a study by Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology is showing that even the country’s English teachers themselves aren’t meeting the desired benchmarks. Though it stops short of making it an outright requirement for a position, the ministry recommends that teachers of English in junior and senior high schools have English skills equivalent to the Eiken English proficiency test’s Pre-1 Grade (the second-highest level of the exam). Nationwide, the ministry says it’s aiming for 50 percent of middle school English teachers, and 75 percent of high school English instructors, to acquire such expertise.

However, a survey of 52,000 teachers found that only 33.6 percent of middle school teachers’ English abilities were at the Pre-1 level. High school teachers fared a little better, but were also below the target with 65.4 percent having Grade Pre-1 skills. This marked the fifth consecutive year for both groups to fall short of the benchmark.

While you might expect the highest ratio of benchmark-meeting educators to be found in cosmopolitan, internationalized parts of Japan, it’s actually largely rural Fukui, part of Japan’s northside coastal region of Hokuriku, that had the most Pre-1 level junior high teachers, at 62.2 percent. Fukui also tied with Kagawa, another primarily rural prefecture, for the highest percentage of Eiken Pre-1-level high school teachers, 91.3 percent (whether the figures represent the percentage of teachers who have actually taken and passed the Eiken Pre-1 test, or is based on other criteria, is unclear).